Machine for and process of uniting looped fabrics



Aug. 15, 1950 P. KAPLAN 2,518,552

MACHINE FOR AND PROCESS OF UNITING LOOPED FABRICS Filed Nov. 6, 194a 5Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEYS P. KAPLAN MACHINE FOR AND PROCESS OF UNI'IING LOOPED FABRICS Filed Nov. 6, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Peamm *Zm/ AW ATTORNEYS Aug. 15, 1950 P. KAPLAN 2,518,552

MACHINE FOR AND PROCESS OF UNITING LOOPED FABRICS Filed NOV. 6, 1946 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 \NVENTOR BY Kaplaw ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 15, 1950 MACHINE FOR AND PROCESS OF UNITING LOOPED FABRICS Philip Kaplan,. Lowell, Mass.

Application November 6, 1946, Serial No. 708,131 7 Claims. (01. 112-25) This invention relates to what are known in the knitting trade as loopers but are machines for sewing looped fabrics of a type similar to what is shown in Patent No. 273,143 issued to William Pearson, February 27, 1883, and in Davis Patent No. 1,054,658 of February 25, 1913, Davis Patent No. 1,050,433 of January 14, 1913, and Davis Patent No. 1,050,432 of January 14, 1913. Such machines for sewing looped fabric, are for stitching together correspondingloops of knitted fabrics, whether both are ribbed, both are .shaker or one is of the ribbed and the other of the shaker type or either is of any other type where there are corresponding loops at the ends to be joined.

In machines of the Davis type, there is a revolving ring which can be stopped and started at will by the operator and this ring carries a series of horizontal, radially outwardly extending impaling-pins, each of which usually has a groove along its top. This ring and pin are associated with a stationary sewing or looping mechanism which generally includes a curved needle which is so carried that it moves radially back and forth, a looper, which has a peculiar action and cooperates with the needle, and a guide arm which also cooperates to form inte meshing loops.

With such machines there is an impaling pin for each loop or, in other words, there are a number of pins equal to the number of loops on each separate fabric.

The operator of such a machine takes the two fabrics to be united with the loops of one resting one back of the other and while theicarrier ring with its impaling-pins is stationary, places a succession of these loops one from each fabric on each impaling-pin. The carrier ring with the pins is then started in motion and as it turns, a thread carrying needle is pushed along the top of a pin and through two loops whereupon, by various motions known in the industry and described in the said Davis patents, the looper and a guide arm or holding plat hold one loop of thread while the next pin is brought into the radial traverse of the needle which has been retracted whereupon the needle and looper operate and cooperate so that the first loop is connected with or intermeshed with a second loop and so on, the process being repeated until that section of the material which has been placed on the pins is almost exhausted, whereupon the machine with the carrier ring is stopped and another section of the loops of the two fabrics is placed on another section or are of pins. The machine is started and this process is continued.

By this process a single loop of each fabric is united to a single loop of the other fabric, there being also a connecting thread or threads which go to the next pair of loops which are then connected together and so on.

There are well known starting devices to start and to stop the ring and also the sewing devices to form an equal number of stitches or connecting links between corresponding loops. The number of loops and links are the same.

There are machines of this type which use. a single thread, the product of which is shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10 and there are others which use a double thread or two threads, the result of which is shown in Figs. 14 and 15.

My invention includes an attachment which can be used with either typeof machine together with the process of using such combination. It includes an attachment which cooperates with a ring having two impaling pins for each loop of each knitted fabric and it is so operated as to provide guiding means whereby the operator, instead of placing single loops of each fabric on a single pin, places a single loop of one fabric on the head of each one of retractable loop spreader guides while it is extended out over two impaling pins so that when each loop spreader guide is withdrawn, each of the loops spans two pins instead of one. The spreader guides are withdrawn and the ring with the impaling pins is moved or turned a distance equal to that between two pins and the loop spreader guides are again moved out, now spanning two different pins, whereupon the operator puts the loops of the other fabric, oneloop over each guide over each two pins, so that when the looper guides are withdrawn, overlapping or staggered loops of each material are left on the pins.

The ring and pins together with the sewing machine with its needles synchronized are then started with the result that instead of a single link connecting corresponding loops, there-are two stitches or links which extend in a zig-zag fashion so as to form Vs between the loops of the respective material. As twice as much thread is used to form two stitches instead of one, the seam or connection is more elastic and the v shape of the connecting links or stitches harmonizes better with the loops of the respective fabrics.

The face of a knitted fabric which is made up of interlocking or interconnected knitted loops has a somewhat herringbone or diagonal appearance. In other words, on the face, the side threads of each knitted loop diverge but when two such fabrics are sewed together by hand or 3 by the usual looper, as the connecting threads extend directly from one loop of one fabric to a loop of another fabric, the seam is clearly visible. The main purpose of my device is to make a connection or sewed seam in which the sewing threads Will give a diverging or herringbone appearance similar to the rest of the fabric. Another object is to make such a connection which will stretch more than one of the regular connections and one corresponding to the stretch of the materials to be united.

My attachment comprises a sector shaped loop guide carrier which carries and is made so that it can move a pluralit of loop spreader guide members which I will, for convenience, call loop guides each extending radially in a direction-from the center of the ring outwardly and of such a width near their points as to span two of the regular impaling pins. These loop guides are slid- "a'bly positioned in radial supporting grooves in the sector shaped stationary bottom plate or. base of the carrier; This plate is fixed to the stationary frame of the looper and does not revolve. Slidable over part of the: bottom plate is a top plate which is radially movable onv guides in. the bottom plate and has an are shaped loop guide moving groove which extends through it.

Each loop guide is slidable in a supporting groove and has an upwardly extending projection or. control finger which extends into or through the loop guide moving groove in the top plate. The top plate is provided with a handle whereby, by moving the top plate radially, the group of loop guides can be pushed out radially so that their points span two pins and can be retracted at the will of the operator.

As these impaling pinsare spaced, each loop guid'espans two pins and the space between them so that the remaining space between the loop guides is much less than the width of the two pins plus the space between them. On account of this, when a loop of material is. pushed over the head of a guide spanning two pins, it is spread laterally or circumferentially to a greater extent than where it simply spans one pin.

I'heoperation is as follows:

With the machine'stopped, the operator moves the top of the, guide carrier radially outward carying with it the loop guides so that each guide spans two pins. A loop of one material such as-shaker is then placed over the head or point end of each loop guide, thus covering two pins. The, top plate is then pushed back whereupon the loops which are carried by its loop guides drop: on two pins which might be called pins 1 and 2 and others such as 3 and 4.

The ring is then moved manually a distance which can be regulated by suitable stops so that when the top of the guide carrier with its loop guides is again pushed out, each of its loop guides will register with pin 2 and another pin, which we might calls. A loop of the other material such as rib is then placed over the head or point end of each loop guide thus again covering two pins such as 2 and 3. The top plate is then pushed back asecond time whereupon each loop of rib material is dropped directly ontwo pins such a's2 and 3.

At this point, each loop of shaker material spanstwo'pins such as l,'2', and 3, 4 while each loop of rib material spans alternate pins such as 2, 3 and 4,5, whereupon the ring is turned so that the sewing operation may take place as usual but with a different result.

Assuming that there are ten wales-or loops to an inch on each fabric, this means twenty rows or sections of knitted yarn, on the old method and there is produced a connection with ten parallel links which may be parallel while with my device there will be twenty diagonal links or sewing which diverge and instead of giving a diagonal efiect, as in the usual method, on the face of the material like Fig. 9, my device and process will result in a sort of herringbone pattern which corresponds in actual practice so closely with the loops that where the same or similar thread is used, the joint cannot be discovered. The loops and sewing links will be staggered as shown in Fig. 12. As the sewing thread links and the sides of the knitted loops are all diverging, the material will stretch equally if the threads are the same and the sewing machine is so adjusted as to use plenty of thread.

There are knitting machines of a type where using the same thread, the shaker stitch is made and then a rib stitch is made or vice versa, but with my invention, 1 use either a single sewing or connecting thread of the plain chain stitch type or two threads of the double chain stitch type, of the type shown by Davis, or of other types. I

If the loops were stitched together with a needle going through and around two sets of loops and then to and through the next set as has been done by hand with coarse fabrics, the effect on the fact would be like Fig. 7, F, and the back, like Fig. '7, H, but such through and through stitching with a single thread has not as yet been made possible on a machine of the continuous rotation type or-stepby step rotation type, the result being that there are certain stresses and strains caused by pulling and tying the sewing thread or threads on such a machine which are necessary to permit the sewing thread to'go through, be held, and then go through thesame or'other loops toholdtl'iem.

In-machines of the Davis type'and inmost other 'loopers, a loop from each fabric, making two loops, is placed on ajsingle point and thereafter, what I will'call a sewing thread, is passedthrough and through each of these loops whereby there is formed what I will call a connecting stitch, but this stitch is made up or two parts, which, for convenience, I will call a parallel link and a diagonal link. Such a connecting stitch is shown in Fig. 10 of the Davis patent, there being in that case, also another connection of thesame thread which might be called the base of a triangle, the parallel link being the altitude and the diagonal one, the hypotenuse.

That view shows a well "known single thread connectingstitch and there-are two parallel sections of the sewing thread between the two loops and also parallel sections extending diagonally from one shaker loop to one rib l'oop, while there is a single section between adjoining rib loops or adj oiningshaker loops.

With such a connection, it is found that when the two fabrics arestitched together onthe'points and are removed from the points and spreadout or stretched out the visible stitches "on the-face of the cloth have atendency to run diagonally asshown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.

These cause a staggering of adjoining loops, giving an eifect which is not similar to the appearance of the fabric on each side because it is a one sided effect.

In thedrawings:

Fig. 1 is aplan view of a looper of the Davis type with my loop guide carrier in place and with its looper guides extended out over impaling pins.

, Fig. 2 is a plan view showing the loop guide carrier and looper guides in more detail and with the looper guides retracted from over the impaling pins.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detail view of the loop guide carrier extending over an impaling pin, shown on a vertical radial plane.

Fig. 4 is a plan view showing the detail construction of a single looper guide like that shown in Fig. 3 in relation to the impaling pins.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic enlarged view looking towards the points of impaling pins with the loops of a single fabric in position over the head of loop guides which extend over the points of two impaling pins.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5, showing the position of the loops of a second fabric when the second set of loops are placed over the heads of two loop guides.

Fig. '7 is a diagrammatic view showing a connection formed by hand with a single thread between the loops of two knitted fabrics.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged and exaggerated diagrammatic view showing the front and Fig. 10, the back of a connection made in the usual way on a looper and Fig. 9 shows the actual appearance of the face of the connection.

Fig. 11 is an exaggerated diagrammatic detail view of the face and Fig. 13 of the back of a connection made with my machine and process and Fig. 12 is a view to show the actual appearance of the face of the connection between the two fabrics.

Fig. 14 is an exaggerated diagrammatic detail view of the face and Fig. 15, of the back of a connection made on a looper of the two thread type in the usual way and Fig. 16 is a similar view of the face and Fig. 17, of the back, showing the appearance of a connection made by my process on my device.

Fig. 18 is a detail view of a well known type of stopping and starting mechanism for a looper of the Davis or other type.

Fig. 19 is a detail view of the preferred type of handle forming the top plate of my loop guide carrier.

Fig. 20 is a plan view showing a modified or alternative type of loop guide carrier or attach ment.

In the drawings, A represents a stationary support or frame around which there is a revolving ring B carrying radially extending impaling pins or points P, the ring being driven by any of the known devices D which also operate a sewing machine E of the Davis type or of any other type where there is a curved needle which moves radially outward along the top of a pin P and through two loops such for instance as S or R, of which S represents a loop of the shaker type and R of the ribbed type of knitted fabric.

L is a manually operable device for starting the ring 13 and sewing machine E, which includes a curved needle N, and for stopping them.

In the diagrams and other views, these loops are generally represented by S and R, but both might be shaker or both might be ribbed or of any other type of knitting such as have been joined together on a looper by means of thread T carried by a curved needle N of a sewing machine such as E.

To clearly understand the operation of my machine and process, I will call adjoining loops on one fabric such as S by numbers 2|, 23, 25, and or the other fabric such as R, 22, 24, 26.

My device I will call a loop guide carrier C. It includes the brackets I, which are fixed to stationary frame A and support a sector shaped stationary base or bottom plate 2 in which are radially disposed loop guide grooves 3,3. Movable inwardly and outwardly or radially is a controller or top plate 4 in which, as shown, there are top plate guide slots 5, 5, through which guide pins 6, 6, from the base plate 2 passor into which they extend to allow top plate 4 to be moved radially in and out. 7

There is also an arc-shaped loop guide control finger slot 1 in the top plate 4 up into or through which extends a projecting control finger I1 from each of the loop guides G, the body |3of each of which is slidable in a guide groove 3 inthe stationary base or bottom plate 2 as shown in Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6. By manually moving carrier plate C outward on bottom plate 2,, by handle M, the slot 1 engaging control fingers l7, carries the loop guides G, G, outward over pins P, P. Guides G, G, can then be moved inward by a reversed manua1 movement.

Each loop spreading guide G includes an arrow shaped pointed head ll], of T-shaped cross section, which at the top is of the width of two pins plus the space between them and is connected to the body 13 by a neck See Figs. 3, 4, 5 and 6.

Head It comes to a point I6 and extends down it Elf so that it can pass between adjoining pins There is a handle M for the top plate 4 of guide carrier 0 by moving which, the top plate 4 of carrier C with the loop guides G can be pushed outward so that the head ll] of each guide G spans two pins P, P, as shown in Figs. 1 and 6. Handle M preferably includes locking devices to be described.

The operator now places a loop, as of shaker.

,- S, Fig. 5, over each loop guide G and over two pins P indicated, by 4| and 42, so that the loop of shaker goes back to the wide part of arrow shaped head I 0.

By moving top plate 4 of guide carrier C inward, these loop spreader guides G, G are retracted from the pins P, P, the result being that where an operator has placed a loop of shaker S over a loop guide G and over two pins P, P, as shown in Fig. 5, these loops are now spanning two pins instead of one as in the usual construction.

There is now a loop of shaker as 2|, 23, 25, on two pins such as 4| and 42; 43 and 44; 45 and 46. The top plate 4 of guide carrier C with loop guides G is moved inward releasing these loops 2|, 23, 25 and the ring is turned the distance between two pins and stopped.

When the operator places a loop of shaker on an arrow head shaped guide G, so that it rests on a neck II, it stretches the fabric, which is elastic, and when this loop of shaker S slips off a point l6 onto the pins 4| and 42' as the guide is retracted, the loop of shaker 2| is carried well back from the points of the pins and the loop 2| is flattened and stretched to such an extent that it will remain in place on the pair of pins 4| and 42. or 43 and 44 as the case may be when the top plate 4 is again moved out carrying the head ID of each guide G over one pin such as 42 of the first pair and over one pin such as 43 of an adjoining pair, the arrow head lifting and passing over the tightly stretched and flattened loops 2|, 23, of shaker S and the part |4 passing between loops 2| and 23, pins 42 and 43 and so on successively.

As shown in Fig. 6, the loops of shakers are 7 stretched and are well back on each pair of pins such as 4 l, 42,, and 43, 44 and as each guide and its head. It can lift, it rides over the shaker loops and part l4 goes between them without disturbing them.

Loops of rib-R are now placed over each guide G and such two pins so that loops of shaker S and rib R overlap as shown in Fig. 6.

Loops 22,24, 26 of rib R now extend over the loop guides G which are then. withdrawn leaving loops 22, 24, 26 on pins 42. and 23; 4 1 and 45 and so on overlapping or being staggered on the entire are shaped area of pins P, over which loop guides G extended.

' When the ring B and sewing machine E are now started, the sewing needle, following its pin P, goes. through loops 2:! and 22; 22 and 23; 23 and 24; 24 and 25, thus leaving two thread links for each knitted loop and extending towards the next staggered knitted loop of the other fabric.

As the principal effect of my device and resulting product is the appearance of the joint or seam between the two fabrics indicated by S and R, attention is invited to the diagrammatic drawings wherein for clearness F indicates the part of the connecting thread which shows on. the face or front of the fabric and H that which is on the back and which normally is not visible.

As these fabrics are naturally elastic or flexible, their appearance is particularly important in the unstretched condition and usually wherethe color of two fabrics is the same, the connecting. thread will be of about the same size or count as well as color.

It is well known, that the appearance of the ordinary knit goods when examined closely resembles a succession of V s of thread Figs. 9 and 12, rather than round loops and an important purpose of this invention is to make the connecting thread assume a v-shape rather than the shape of a round loop or a straight or single diagonal stitch.

In the drawings, Fig. '7 shows diagrammatically the effect of a single thread passed by hand through the loops and Fig. 8 shows such a connection made by a machine of the Davis type with a single thread which goes through a loop of S and back and up and over and down through a loop of R and thence, underneath and up through the next S and then down through the next R.

In this case, the part F, F, shows on the face while the part H, H, at the back does not show. In actual practice, this back part H, Fig. 10, is wholly concealed on account of the flexibility of the goods. I

It will be observed that the connecting threads at F, F, will show on the face as in Figs. Band 9, but in parallel single diagonal lines.

With my device, the product, the face of which is shown in Figs. 11 and 12 will have the part of the threads F, F, show on the face while the parts H, H, at the back, shown more clearly in Fig. 13 will normally not be seen.

It will be observed that, referring to Figs. 11 and 12, there are two sections F, F, of thread T on the'face, extending diagonally in herringbone fashion. The loops of S and R, are staggered, and the effect is that, instead of a number of parallel diagonal sections or strands of thread T'as in Figs. 8 and 9, the V effect of the rest of the fabric is more clearly simulated.

With a machine of the Davis type the connecting threads at F, F will show on the face as in Figs. 8 and 9, but in parallel single diagonal lines while those H at the back will appear as inFig. 10.

Fig. 14 shows the appearance of a. two thread connection on the face and Fig. 15, on the back made in the usual way on a two thread looper of the American or German type with the number of pins per inch equalling the number of knitted loops per inch. It will be observed that the sections F, of thread U which show on the, face are parallel and not even diagonal. This is the effect where two loops are on each impalin g pin instead of spanning two pins as shown in Figs. 5 and 6'. a V

Figs. 16 and 17 show a fabric which has been united on such a two thread machine but one equipped with my attachment and used as described.

The threads are indicated by U and V.

Fig. 16 shows the face of materials connected by a two thread'stitch and it will be observed that the sections F, F of thread U which appear on the face of the goods form We in a manner similar to what is shown in Figs. 11 and 12', therebymore nearly represent the V-eifect of the loops of the knitted material S or R. Fig. 17 shows the back.

In the drawings L represents starting and stopping mechanism of the type shown by Davis in Patent No. 1,054,658, Fig. 1 or the pulley clutch mechanism as shown by Wright in Patent No. 1,092,885 in Fig. 1 or any other suitable and similar device. It is shown in some detail in Fig. 18.

The preferred form of device L is one in which there is a handle or crank 6i! which can be pushed in to engage a clutch 8! connected with the power devices D and which turns with them but which, when pulled out, disconnects the clutch members, thus stopping the revolution of the ring B with its pins P and also the sewing mechanism. Device L is so connected tov the ring or brass that by turninga handle such as til, the ring B is moved in either direction a distance equal to that between any two adjoining pins. 7

With the construction shown, the handle M, Fig. 19, by which the top plate 4' is moved back and forth, is provided with two spring pressed pins 58, 5E which extend through extensions 49, 49 from the top plate 4, down past the bottom plate 2 into locking holes 5!, 5! in the top 48 of stationary frame A when'the top plate 4 is retracted and into similar locking holes 53, 53 when the top plate is moved out radially.

There is a spring 54 for each pin which normally tends to force it downward into one or the other set of locking holes so that in order to move the top plate t, the handle M must be pulled up and pushed forward or back. The top plate 4 can therefore be locked with its guides G in an outer or inner position.

Instead of moving the ring B after the first set of knitted loops have been placed on the pins and before the second set have been so placed, I can, as shown in Fig. 20, use a guide carrier C which can be moved sideways.

The brackets I, l, which are fixed to frame A and support the bottom plate 2, can be adapted to. slide on headed pins 55, 55, which pass through slots 56, 56in bottomplate 2, these slots extending, sideways so that thewhole carrier such as C can be moved the distance between two pins P instead of moving the ring B.

In addition there may be two sets of locking holes El and 58 a similar distance to one or both sides of the other locking holes, such as 51 and 53, the idea being that a handle M can move the top plate in and out radially and can also move the whole carrier C a distance sideways equal to the distance between two pins such as P, P.

I claim:

1. For use with a looper for stitching together the loops of separate knitted fabrics which looper includes a stationary frame, a ring carrying impaling pins on its outer rim and revoluble on the frame, a sewing machine having a needle to en gage an impaling pin and to form therewith a connecting link of thread between such loops, ant means to stop and start the ring to revolve and the sewing machine needle to form a link with an impaling pin; an attachment including a loopguide carrier having a bottom plate fixed to the frame with radial loop guide grooves and a tor plate slidable back and forth radially on the bot tom plate and having a loop guide control finger slot extending over said grooves to move loop guides in slots radially out and in; and a plurality of loop guides each having a contro. finger extending into such slot, a head of a width to span two adjoining impaling pins, each guide e ng slidable in a groove in the bottom plate groove is positioned on a radial line exbetween such two impaling pins.

2. For use with a looper for stitching together the loops of separate knitted fabrics, which looper includes a stationary frame, a ring carrying impaling pins on its outer rim and revoluble on the frame, a sewing machine having a needle to engage an impaling pin and to form therewith a connecting link of thread between such loops, and means to stop and start the ring to revolve and the sewing machine needle to form. a link with an impaling pin; an attachment including a loop guide carrier having a bottom plate fixed to the frame with radial loop guide grooves and means to move loop guides in said slots radially out and in; and a plurality of loop guides each having a head of a width to span two adjoining impaling pins, each loop guide being slidable in a groove in the bottom plate which groove is positioned on a radial line extending between such two impaling pins.

3. For use with a looper for stitching together the loops of separate knitted fabrics, which looper includes a stationary frame, a ring carrying impaling pins on its outer rim and revoluble on the frame, a sewing machine having a needle to engage an impaling pin and to form therewith a connecting link of thread between such loops, and means to stop and start the ring to revolve and the sewing machine needle to form a link with an impaling pin; a loop guide carrier attached to the frame provided with radial loop guide grooves and means to move loop guides in said slots radially out and in; and a plurality of loop guides each having a head of a width to span two adjoining impaling pins, each loop guide being slidable in a groove in the bottom plate.

4. For use with a looper for stitching together the loops of separate knitted fabrics, which looper includes a stationary frame, a ring carrying impaling pins on its outer rim and revoluble on the frame, a sewing machine having a needle to engage an impaling pin and to form therewith a connecting link of thread between such loops, and means to stop and start the ring to revolve and the sewing machine needle to form a link with an impaling pin; a plurality of loop guides each having a head of a width to span two adjoining impaling pins, and means to so move 1e p guides that the head of each guide will span two adjoining pins and. to retract them therefrom.

5. The combination with a looper for stitching together the loops of separate knitted fabrics, which looper includes a stationary frame, a ring carrying impaling pins on its outer rim and revoluble on the frame, a sewing machine having a needle to engage an impaling pin and to form therewith a connecting link of thread between such loops, and means to stop and start the ring to revolve and the sewing machine needle to form a link with an impaling pin; of a plurality of loop guides each having a head of a width to span two adjoining impaling pins, and means to so move the loop guides that the head of each guide will span two adjoining pins and to retract them therefrom.

6. The process of uniting the knitted looped edges of knit fabrics which consists of placing each loop of one fabric on two impaling pins; of then placing each loop of the other fabric on one of such pins and an adjoining pin; and of then stitching the loops together with two stitches passing through each loop of each fabric.

7. The combination with a looper for stitching together the loops of separate knitted fabrics, which looper includes a stationary frame, a ring carrying impaling pins on its outer rim and revoluble on the frame, a sewing machine having a needle to engage an impaling pin and to form therewith a connecting link of thread between such loops, and means to stop and start the ring to revolve and the sewing machine needle to form a link with an impaling pin; of a plurality of loop guides each having a head of a width to span a plurality of adjoining impaling pins, and means to so move the loop guides that the head of each guide will span a plurality of adjoining impaling pins and to retract them therefrom.

PHILIP KAPLAN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,908,725 Baumgartel May 16, 1933 2,012,560 Goodman Aug. 2'7, 1935 2,122,526 Kattermann July 5, 1938 

